Long-term Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Tooth Wear Caused by Altered Cervical Posture

Abstract

Smartphone addiction has emerged as a growing behavioral concern, with prolonged device use frequently associated
with sustained cervical flexion, forward-head posture, and altered neuromuscular activity. Although the musculoskeletal
consequences of excessive smartphone use are increasingly recognized, its potential long-term effects on oral structures,
particularly tooth wear, remain insufficiently explored. This article examines the possible relationship between chronic
smartphone-associated cervical postural alterations and progressive tooth wear. Persistent forward-head positioning may
influence mandibular posture, masticatory muscle activity, occlusal relationships, and parafunctional behaviors such as
clenching and bruxism. These changes may increase mechanical loading on dental surfaces and potentially contribute to
accelerated attrition, particularly when combined with other behavioral and dietary risk factors. The proposed relationship
is multifactorial and may involve interactions between cervical biomechanics, temporomandibular function, neuromuscular
adaptation, and occlusal stress. Understanding this association could support earlier identification of individuals at increased
risk of excessive tooth wear and encourage preventive interventions targeting smartphone ergonomics and oral health
behaviors. Future longitudinal studies integrating cervical posture assessment, smartphone-use patterns, occlusal evaluation,
and quantitative tooth-wear measurements are needed to establish temporal relationships and clarify causality. Greater
awareness among dental and healthcare professionals may facilitate comprehensive prevention and management strategies
for smartphone-related postural and oral health consequences.